Use condoms with confidence

What is a condom?

A condom is a barrier used during sex. External condoms fit over the penis; internal condoms are pouches used inside the body. Condoms help prevent sperm from reaching an egg and reduce exposure to fluids that can transmit infections.

Protection has limits. Condoms reduce risk but cannot eliminate it. They provide less protection against infections spread through skin contact outside the covered area, including herpes, HPV and syphilis.

Choose the right type and material

• Latex: a suitable option for HIV prevention unless you have a latex allergy.
• Non-latex: polyurethane or synthetic rubber options may suit people with latex allergies. Check the product label.
• Natural membrane: lambskin condoms should not be used for HIV or STI prevention.
• Internal condoms: an alternative barrier option. Follow the manufacturer's instructions.

Choose a comfortable fit. Use one condom at a time; wearing two together can increase the chance of splitting.

How to use an external condom correctly

1. Check the expiry date and packet. Open carefully without teeth or sharp objects.
2. Put it on an erect penis before sexual contact. Follow the packet instructions.
3. Pinch the tip to remove air, then unroll to the base. If it is the wrong way round, use a new one.
4. Use water-based or silicone-based lubricant with latex condoms. Avoid oil-based products.
5. After ejaculation, hold the base while withdrawing to prevent slipping.
6. Remove carefully, put it in the bin and use a fresh condom for the next act of sex.

Common questions

Can condoms prevent pregnancy?

External condoms are up to 98% effective when used correctly every time. Effectiveness is lower in everyday use. These figures describe use over a year, not the risk from a single encounter.

Do condoms expire?

Yes. Check the expiry date before use and follow the storage instructions on the packet. Never reuse a condom.

Do I still need HIV or STI testing?

Condoms are one part of prevention. A healthcare professional can help you decide when to test and whether other measures, such as PrEP, are appropriate.

Sources: CDC: Condoms and HIV prevention, CDC: Condom use, NHS: Condoms, and CDC: PEP. Updated 3 October 2026. This guide provides general information and does not replace individual medical advice.